Doctor Strong’s Dictionary
David CopperfieldDoctor Strong’s Dictionary is Doctor Strong’s long-running, unfinished scholarly project: a proposed dictionary of Greek word-roots that travels with him in fragments and shapes his working life. Its importance extends beyond scholarship. The manuscript reveals the Doctor’s patient absorption, gives Mr. Dick a cherished point of connection with him, and eventually provides David with a way to assist and work beside a former teacher.
Conception and Early Presence
At Doctor Strong’s school, David learns that the Doctor’s thoughtful habit of looking down as he walked came from searching for Greek roots. David initially mistakes this preoccupation for a botanical enthusiasm; he later understands that the roots are words, gathered in preparation for a new Dictionary. The project is already part of the Doctor’s daily presence: he carries cumbersome fragments in his pockets and even in the lining of his hat, and seems to be explaining them to Mrs. Strong as they walk. She cares for him and likes him, though David does not think the Dictionary itself vitally interests her.
The schoolboys turn the scale of the undertaking into a joke. Adams, the head-boy, calculates how long the Dictionary would take at the Doctor’s pace and on his plan: one thousand six hundred and forty-nine years, counted from the Doctor’s last, or sixty-second, birthday. The extravagant estimate makes the work’s slowness comic, but also establishes how completely it belongs to the Doctor’s long view of life. It is not a brief assignment with a nearby finish; it is a persistent undertaking whose scattered pages accompany him through ordinary days.
A Manuscript Shared with Others
The Dictionary first becomes a bond between Doctor Strong and Mr. Dick. After Mr. Dick visits the school, he grows familiar with the Doctor and begins waiting in the schoolroom, where he sits on a particular stool named after him and listens attentively. His respect for learning is so great that he is long unwilling to speak to the Doctor without removing his hat. Even after they become friends and walk together in the courtyard, he takes his hat off at intervals to honor the Doctor’s wisdom.
Their walks acquire a regular shape: Doctor Strong reads scraps of the Dictionary aloud, sometimes flourishing the manuscript or moving his head as he reads, while Mr. Dick listens with visible pride and pleasure. The passages are difficult and full of hard words, but Mr. Dick regards the Dictionary as the most delightful book in the world. David remembers these walks as quietly sustaining: the Doctor’s contented reading and Mr. Dick’s absorbed attention form a scene of companionship rather than a display of scholarly achievement. The manuscript matters here not because its contents are explained, but because sharing it allows the Doctor to read and Mr. Dick to feel included in a world of learning.
Work, Disorder, and Employment
Years later, when David asks Doctor Strong for employment, the Doctor worries that the position he can offer may be too modest for David’s abilities. David already has a profession and is studying it, but he insists on the request. He adds that he would be particularly happy if the employment involved the Dictionary. The Doctor responds with delighted recognition, explaining that since retiring from school he has been advancing the work and that the proposed arrangement suits his habits: he walks about during the day with his considering cap on, while David can help with morning and evening work.
The arrangement is specific. David is to work two hours each morning and two or three hours each night, resting on Saturdays and Sundays, for seventy pounds a year. They plan to begin at seven the next morning. The Dictionary thus changes from a project David has observed at a distance into the substance of paid work between former teacher and pupil. Doctor Strong’s papers, however, are in some confusion. Jack Maldon has recently offered occasional help as an amanuensis, although he is not accustomed to the task. David later finds that the difficulty is not limited to mistakes: Jack has drawn numerous soldiers and ladies’ heads across the Doctor’s manuscript, leaving David caught in labyrinths of obscurity as he tries to make sense of the pages. The Dictionary’s physical state records the unevenness of the assistance it has received.
Domestic Meaning and Narrative Role
The Dictionary also appears within the account of Doctor Strong’s home life. Mrs. Markleham invokes it as an example of work that is useful and necessary but unlikely to interest Annie. In doing so, she presents Doctor Strong’s scholarly absorption as compatible with his understanding that his young wife has different interests. Her remarks frame the Dictionary as a recognizable feature of the Doctor’s character and domestic routine, rather than as evidence that the manuscript itself occupies Annie’s attention.
For Mr. Dick, by contrast, the work is inseparable from affection and esteem. He admires Doctor Strong’s learning and humility, and he tells David that the Doctor has honored him by treating him with respect. Mr. Dick has even sent the Doctor’s name skyward on a scrap of paper attached to his kite; in his account, the kite welcomed the name and the sky grew brighter. His description of Annie as a shining star, followed by his worried suggestion that clouds have gathered, shows the tenderness with which he regards the household. Elsewhere, as the Doctor and Annie’s difficulties trouble those around them, Mr. Dick spends time walking with the Doctor and helping Annie tend her flowers. He is a link between them; the Dictionary remains one of the familiar pleasures he shares with the Doctor, though their companionship now also includes his quiet service to Annie.
The manuscript’s narrative significance lies in this movement from private scholarly obsession to shared work and shared attention. Its unfinished pages make the Doctor’s learning tangible, while the long estimate of its completion preserves a comic contrast between ambition and human pace. More importantly, reading it aloud gives Mr. Dick a place beside a scholar he reveres, and taking it up gives David a practical way to renew his connection with Doctor Strong. The Dictionary is therefore both an object of labor and a medium of companionship: its value in these episodes is measured not by a recorded completion, but by the relationships formed around its pages.